![]() However, in 2016, the genus Proteus was reclassified into the new family Morganellaceae ( Armbruster and Mobley, 2012 Armbruster et al., 2018). mirabilis, discovered by the German scientist Gustav Hauseris, is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium originally classified in the Enterobacteriaceae family. These two methods of bacterial surface colonization show distinct mechanisms of action and regulation ( Verstraeten et al., 2008) however, the bacterium Proteus mirabilis is known to utilize both processes during pathogenesis and bacterial interactions, mostly during catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) ( Rózalski et al., 1997 Pearson et al., 2008). The properties of biofilm formation and swarming motility both require direct cooperation and communication between individual cells, which in turns leads to an intracellular change compared with a self-inhabiting cell. Surface colonization by bacteria allows multicellularity. On the other hand, both biofilm formation and swarming motility implicates multiple inter- and intraspecies interactions, which might contribute to the pathogenicity. ![]() Furthermore, flagella are strong immunomodulating proteins. The importance of swarming motility in CAUTIs development remains controversial however, it was indicated that swarming cells were able to co-express other virulence factors. After contact with solid surfaces, hyper-flagellated cells are able to rapidly migrate. mirabilis displays remarkable motility abilities. The heterologous polymeric matrix of the biofilm offers protection against antibiotics and the host immune system. Moreover, the production of urease frequently results in biofilm crystallization, which leads to the blockage of catheters. ![]() Adhesion, mostly mediated by fimbrial and nonfimbrial adhesins, is important for the initiation of biofilm formation. mirabilis is dependent on two multicellular types of surface colonization: the adherence and swarming motility. Recently, Proteus mirabilis was highlighted as the important cause of CAUTIs. Indwelling urinary catheterization can lead to the development of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), an important type of nosocomial infection, as well as other medical issues among institutionalized adults. Deparment of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
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